{"id":1841,"date":"2023-07-19T17:04:46","date_gmt":"2023-07-19T09:04:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/?p=1841"},"modified":"2023-07-19T17:04:46","modified_gmt":"2023-07-19T09:04:46","slug":"%e7%9e%bb%e4%ba%91%e4%b8%ba%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e5%a4%a7%e8%84%91%e5%8f%af%e4%bb%a5%e4%b8%8d%e7%bb%8f%e4%bd%a0%e5%90%8c%e6%84%8f%ef%bc%8c%e4%bb%bb%e6%84%8f%e7%af%a1%e6%94%b9%e8%ae%b0%e5%bf%86%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/2023\/07\/19\/%e7%9e%bb%e4%ba%91%e4%b8%ba%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e5%a4%a7%e8%84%91%e5%8f%af%e4%bb%a5%e4%b8%8d%e7%bb%8f%e4%bd%a0%e5%90%8c%e6%84%8f%ef%bc%8c%e4%bb%bb%e6%84%8f%e7%af%a1%e6%94%b9%e8%ae%b0%e5%bf%86%ef%bc%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"\u77bb\u4e91|\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5927\u8111\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7ecf\u4f60\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u7be1\u6539\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff1f\u200b\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7ecf\u4f60\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4efb\u610f\u5220\u9664\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure 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class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-155.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1843\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:54px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u770b\u770b\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u88ab\u5206\u6210\u77ac\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u77ed\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>1968\u5e74\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Atkinson\u548cShiffrin\u63d0\u51fa\u7ecf\u5178\u7684Atkinson-Shiffrin\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u591a\u91cd\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6a21\u578b\uff09\uff0c\u8be0\u91ca\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<sup>[1][2]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"479\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-156.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1844\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u4e09\u79cd\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u754c\u9650<sup>[3]<\/sup>\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e09\u79cd\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5355\u4e00\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u77ed\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u53ea\u662f\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6fc0\u6d3b<sup>[4]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u5c31\u76ee\u524d\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u591a\u91cd\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4f9d\u65e7\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u4f46\u7ecf\u8fc7\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"494\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-158.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1846\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u77ac\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff08Sensory 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memory\uff09<sup>[6]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"451\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-162.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1850\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u542c\u89c9\u8bb0\u5fc6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u542c\u89c9\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u58f0\u6ce2\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f20\u64ad\u81f3\u8033\u6735\u91cc\u7684\u6bdb\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u7535\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u989e\u53f6\u542c\u89c9\u4e2d\u67a2\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u542c\u89c9\u4e0e\u89c6\u89c9\u6700\u5927\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u773c\u775b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u590d\u626b\u63cf\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u542c\u89c9\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u540e\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u91cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u542c\u89c9\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u591a\u4e2a\u58f0\u97f3\u4e00\u8d77\u8868\u8fbe\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u6216\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u542c\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u58f0\u97f3\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u5f97\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5f53\u4f60\u542c\u4e00\u9996\u6b4c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u56de\u58f0\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e2a\u97f3\u7b26\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5927\u8111\u518d\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u4e00\u9996\u6b4c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u542c\u89c9\u4e2d\u67a2\u5904\u7406\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u4e0e\u89c6\u89c9\u4e2d\u67a2\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u542c\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u58f0\u97f3\u540e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u58f0\u97f3\u4f3c\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u5728\u8111\u6d77\u91cc\u56de\u8361\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u57281967\u5e74\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e4b\u7236\u5948\u745f\u5c14(Ulric Neisser)\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<strong>\u56de\u58f0\u8bb0\u5fc6<\/strong>(echoic memory)\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u542c\u89c9\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4f1a\u5728\u5927\u8111\u5185\u77ed\u671f\u91cd\u590d\u64ad\u653e\uff0c\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u5171\u9e23<sup>[7]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56de\u58f0\u50a8\u5b58\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u57281~10\u79d2\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a4\u79d2\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e5f\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u4fe1\u606f\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u56de\u58f0\u8bb0\u5fc6\u53ef\u957f\u8fbe20\u79d2<sup>[8]<\/sup>\uff0c\u8fd9\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"651\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-164.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1852\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5473\u89c9\u8bb0\u5fc6&amp;\u55c5\u89c9\u8bb0\u5fc6&amp;\u89e6\u89c9\u8bb0\u5fc6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65e0\u8bba\u5473\u89c9\u3001\u55c5\u89c9\u8fd8\u662f\u5473\u89c9\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u611f\u89c9\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e5f\u662f\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u51e0\u79cd\u77ac\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u4e2d\u67a2\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u89e6\u89c9\u7684\u632f\u52a8\u540c\u6b65\u6fc0\u6d3b<sup>[9]<\/sup>\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u90fd\u662f\u5f62\u6210\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5728\u6570\u79d2\u5185\u8fc5\u901f\u8870\u9000\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u611f\u5b98\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e00\u7ecf\u8870\u51cf\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u65b0\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5c31\u518d\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u4e22\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-166.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1854\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u672c\u4f53\u611f\u89c9\u8bb0\u5fc6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u624b\u672f\u9ebb\u9189\u540e\u60a3\u8005\u5bf9\u80a2\u4f53\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4f1a\u6709\u201c\u5e7b\u5f71\u201d\u611f\u77e5\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u88ab\u622a\u80a2\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u5e7b\u80a2\u611f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8eab\u4f53\u7b80\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u611f\u77e5\uff0c\u88ab\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u8eab\u4f53\u56fe\u5f0f\uff08body schema\uff09\u201d<sup>[10]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8ba9\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u628a\u624b\u81c2\u6062\u590d\u5230\u539f\u6765\u6240\u5728\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u540c\u6837\u57282 ~4 \u79d2\u5feb\u901f\u8870\u51cf<sup>[11]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u672c\u4f53\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u5b58\u5728\u77ac\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"782\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-167.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1855\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u77ed\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff08Short-term memory\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b9\u8ba9\u4f60\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\uff0c\u4f60\u8bb0\u4e0b\u4f46\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5199\u5728\u672c\u5b50\u4e0a\u3002\u7b49\u5230\u4f60\u6302\u6389\u4e86\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u5374\u53d1\u73b0\u5df2\u7ecf\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u521a\u624d\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f60\u521a\u521a\u660e\u786e\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u77ed\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u77ac\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u5f88\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u50a8\u5b58\u4e3a\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a5\uff0d20\u79d2\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc71\u5206\u949f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u65e9\u57281956\u5e74\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u7c73\u52d2\uff08George A. Miller\uff09\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u50a8\u5b58\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u6709\u4e0a\u9650\u7684\u3002\u7c73\u52d2\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f7\u00b12\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u7c73\u52d2\u6cd5\u5219<sup>[12]<\/sup>\u30027\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u4e5f\u88ab\u5e26\u4e0a\u4e86\u795e\u79d8\u8272\u5f69\u3002\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u50a8\u5b58\u4e0a\u9650\u662f4\u00b11\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u77ed\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53eb\u505a<strong>\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff08working memory\uff09\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"931\" height=\"564\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-168.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1856\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u5728\u4e0d\u5c11\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f1a\u628a\u77ed\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8c\u8005\u5176\u5b9e\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u6682\u65f6\u52a0\u5de5\u548c\u8d2e\u5b58\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u628a\u77ed\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6bd4\u55bb\u6210\u8f93\u5165\u7535\u8111\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5c31\u662f\u7535\u8111\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u603b\u548c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5305\u542b\u77ed\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u4f46\u77ed\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6<sup>[13]<\/sup>\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u4f9d\u65e7\u5b58\u5728\u6df7\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8fdb\u516521\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u70ed\u6f6e\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6240\u4ee3\u6307\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7531\u5df4\u5fb7\u5229\uff08Baddeley\uff09\u548c\u5e0c\u5947\uff08Hitch\uff09\u57281974\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u572821\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u5f97\u5230\u5b8c\u5584<sup>[14]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"900\" height=\"452\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-169.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1857\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u4f60\u901a\u8fc7\u542c\u3001\u8bf4\u3001\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e00\u4e32\u5355\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u8111\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u8981\u80cc\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u4f1a\u63d0\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u76f8\u5e94\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u300c\u89c6\u89c9\u753b\u677f\u300d\u4f1a\u52a0\u5de5\u89c6\u89c9\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u300c\u8bed\u97f3\u73af\u8def\u300d\u5219\u4f1a\u8bb0\u4f4f\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u300c\u4e2d\u592e\u6267\u884c\u300d\u5219\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3002\u300c\u60c5\u8282\u7f13\u51b2\u300d\u5219\u4fdd\u6301\u52a0\u5de5\u540e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u540e\u7eed\u52a0\u5de5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u90a3\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u673a\u5236\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u5462\uff1f<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>1949\u5e74\uff0c\u5510\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u8d6b\u5e03\uff08Donald Olding Hebb\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8d6b\u5e03\u7406\u8bba<sup>[15]<\/sup>\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7a81\u89e6\u524d\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5bf9\u7a81\u89e6\u540e\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u590d\u4e14\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3a\u7a81\u89e6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"578\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-170.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1858\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7a81\u89e6\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u4e86\u7a81\u89e6\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5355\u8bcd\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u8fde\u63a5\u5c31\u4f1a\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u88ab\u9057\u5fd8\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5c31\u4f1a\u51cf\u5f31\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u574e\u5fb7\u5c14\uff08Eric R. Kandel\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u6d77\u5154\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e0e\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u7a81\u89e6\u90e8\u4f4d\uff0c\u5e76\u57282000\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u5956<sup>[16]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7a81\u89e6\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u5206\u6210\u77ed\u671f\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u548c\u957f\u671f\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u77ed\u671f\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u77ed\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u800c\u957f\u671f\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4e00\u73af\u662f<strong>\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u78f7\u9178\u5316\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u4f1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u80de\u4f53\u5236\u9020\u73af\u78f7\u9178\u817a\u82f7\uff08cAMP\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u540ecAMP\u6d3b\u5316\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u6d3b\u5316\u9176A\uff08PKA\uff09\uff0cPKA\u518d\u4f7f\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u78f7\u9178\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9020\u6210\u76f8\u5e94\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053\u7684\u5931\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u94be\u79bb\u5b50\u7ba1\u9053\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u78f7\u9178\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u94be\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053\u5931\u6d3b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76f8\u5e94\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053\u5931\u6d3b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u9499\u79bb\u5b50\uff08Ca2+\uff09\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9499\u79bb\u5b50\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u80de\u4f53\u5185\u8d28\u7f51\uff0c\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u51b3\u5b9a\u7740\u9499\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u5206\u90e8<sup>[17]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"900\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-172.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1860\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9499\u79bb\u5b50\uff08Ca2+\uff09\u662f\u7a81\u89e6\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4ecb\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b83\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u91ca\u653e\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u7a81\u89e6\u95f4\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u7684\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u77ed\u671f\u589e\u5f3a\u7a81\u89e6\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u77ed\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"385\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-173.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1861\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff08Long-term memory\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u51e0\u5206\u949f\uff0c\u4fbf\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u8bb0\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5374\u80fd\u8bb0\u597d\u51e0\u5e74\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u8f88\u5b50\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u53c8\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u77ed\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6709\u7740\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u4f46\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5374\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u9700\u8981\u5148\u8fdb\u5165\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u50a8\u5b58\u5230\u957f\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u3002\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u50a8\u5b58\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6240\u80fd\u5bb9\u7eb3\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u3002\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u901f\u5ea6\u8d8a\u5feb<sup>[18]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u5386\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7a81\u89e6\u5de9\u56fa\uff08Synaptic consolidation\uff09\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u5408\uff08Systems consolidation\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1005\" height=\"930\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-174.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1862\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7a81\u89e6\u5de9\u56fa\uff08Synaptic consolidation\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7a81\u89e6\u5de9\u56fa\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7a81\u89e6\u7684\u957f\u65f6\u7a0b\u589e\u5f3a\uff08Long-term potentiation\uff0cLTP\uff09<sup>[19]<\/sup>\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u6240\u6709\u52a8\u7269\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u795e\u7ecf\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u51e0\u5206\u949f\u3001\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u6301\u7eed24\u5c0f\u65f6\u4ee5\u4e0a<sup>[20]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u5468\u3001\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u751a\u81f3\u51e0\u5e74\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u5408<sup>[21]<\/sup>\uff0c\u7a81\u89e6\u5de9\u56fa\u5374\u662f\u5feb\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u574e\u5fb7\u5c14\uff08Kandel\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7a81\u89e6\u7684\u957f\u65f6\u7a0b\u589e\u5f3a\uff08LTP\uff09\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f<strong>\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u78f7\u9178\u5316\uff0c<\/strong>\u800c\u4e14\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u201c\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u2192cAMP\u2192PKA\u2192\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u78f7\u9178\u5316\u201d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u5f3a\u7a81\u89e6\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u540e\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5408\u6210\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u5f0f\u86cb\u767d\u6fc0\u9176\u2014\u2014PKM\u03b6<sup>[22]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u5b50\u7ea7\u8054\u5f15\u8d77\u8f6c\u5f55\u56e0\u5b50\u5bf9DNA\u7684\u7532\u57fa\u5316\u800c\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301PKM\u03b6\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u4fbf\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u6291\u5236PKM\u03b6\u4fbf\u80fd\u64e6\u9664\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u518d\u6d88\u9664\u6291\u5236\u540e\uff0c\u7a81\u89e6\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u65b0\u7684\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8fd8\u80fd\u518d\u6b21\u6062\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-175.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1863\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7b26\u5408\u9057\u5fd8\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4fbf\u662f\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u5408\u6210\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u7684\u53cd\u590d\u5de9\u56fa\uff08\u590d\u4e60\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u8ba9\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7a33\u5b9a<sup>[23]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8111\u6e90\u6027\u795e\u7ecf\u8425\u517b\u56e0\u5b50\uff08BDNF\uff09\u5bf9\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5355\u4e2a\u7a81\u89e6\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u4f46\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u50a8\u5b58\u65b9\u5f0f\u5374\u662f\u6574\u4f53\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u75d5\u8ff9\uff08memory trac\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u8bb0\u5fc6\u75d5\u8ff9\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u7a81\u89e6\u8fde\u63a5\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7a81\u89e6\u5177\u6709\u96c6\u7ed3\u5b66\u4e60\uff08Volume learning\uff09\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u7a81\u89e6\u5e76\u975e\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c31\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c11\u91cf\u5207\u9664\u732b\u8111\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u800c\u5207\u9664\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u624d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u75d5\u8ff9\u662f\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a81\u89e6\u4e0a\uff0c\u660e\u5929\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a81\u89e6\u4e0a\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4fbf\u62e5\u670929800\u4e2a\u7a81\u89e6\uff0c\u5174\u594b\u6027\u7a81\u89e6\u540e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b58\u5728\u8d85\u8fc71000\u79cd\u86cb\u767d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u80fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u591a\u4e2a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u75d5\u8ff9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"616\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-176.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1864\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:16px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7cfb<\/strong><strong>\u7edf\u6574\u5408\uff08Systems consolidation\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u5408\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6d77\u9a6c\u4f53\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u4ee5\u66f4\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u628a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u50a8\u5b58\u5230\u65b0\u76ae\u5c42\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1056\" height=\"800\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-177.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1865\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6d77\u9a6c\u4f53\u6210\u5bf9\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e18\u8111\u548c\u5185\u4fa7\u989e\u53f6\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c3~4\u5c42\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"440\" height=\"282\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-178.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1866\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>\u6d77\u9a6c\u4f53<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4eba\u7c7b\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u6d77\u9a6c\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e00\u573a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8111\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5207\u9664\u624b\u672f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>20\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u8ba4\u77e5\u7a81\u98de\u731b\u8fdb\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u5f85\u5927\u8111\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u4e0a\uff0c\u5374\u6709\u4e9b\u91ce\u86ee\u800c\u81ea\u8d1f\u3002\u8fd9\u624d\u6709\u4e86\u83ab\u5c3c\u5179\u572830\u5e74\u4ee3\u53d1\u660e\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u5207\u9664\u624b\u672f\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u4e14\u57281949\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u989d\u53f6\u5207\u9664\u672f\u4e00\u76f4\u5145\u6ee1\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46\u766b\u75eb\u7684\u624b\u672f\u6cbb\u7597\u4e5f\u662f\u4ece\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76f8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8d77\u73b0\u5728\u5bf9\u75c5\u7076\u7684\u7cbe\u51c6\u5207\u9664\uff0c\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u5c31\u6709\u70b9\u968f\u7f18\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1953\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6cbb\u7597\u4e00\u4f4d\u53eb\u505a\u83ab\u83b1\u68ee\u768427\u5c81\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u5207\u9664\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u6d77\u9a6c\u4f53\u5728\u5185\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u8fb9\u7f18\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u867d\u7136\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u766b\u75eb\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5374\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"440\" height=\"334\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-180.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1868\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>H.M.\u75c5\u4eba<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ece1957\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u5f53\u505a\u5178\u578b\u6765\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cH.M.\u75c5\u4eba\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u6d3b\u5230\u4e862008\u5e74\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u7b97\u662f\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u7a81\u51fa\u8d21\u732e<sup>[24]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u672f\u540e\u7684\u83ab\u83b1\u68ee\u51fa\u73b0\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u987a\u884c\u6027\u9057\u5fd8\uff08\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f62\u6210\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u90e8\u5206\u9006\u884c\u6027\u9057\u5fd8\uff08\u5fd8\u8bb0\u624b\u672f\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ed6\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u624b\u672f\u524d\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u8bb0\u5f97\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7ae5\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f62\u6210\u60c5\u666f\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e24\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u6628\u59298\u70b9\u5728\u5c0f\u533a\u95e8\u53e3\u5403\u4e86\u8c46\u8150\u8111\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5c06\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u60f3\u8d77\u6765\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u836f\u7269\u6ce8\u5c04\u8fdb\u5165\u5927\u9f20\u7684\u6d77\u9a6c\u4f53\uff0c\u6291\u5236\u7a81\u89e6\u589e\u5f3a\u65f6\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5927\u9f20\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u80fd\u529b\u6ca1\u6709\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u5929\u4e4b\u540e\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c31\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u9057\u5fd8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u957f\u671f\uff08\u6c38\u4e45\uff09\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5f62\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6d77\u9a6c\u5411\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u7f16\u7801\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5f53\u56de\u5fc6\u8d77\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u52a0\u5f3a\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u4e0e\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6e10\u6e10\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u6d77\u9a6c\u4f53\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6d77\u9a6c\u4f53\u4e2d\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u548c\u65b0\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u5408\u6210<sup>[25]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"564\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-182.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1870\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6d77\u9a6c\u4f53\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u53ea\u6709\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u80fd\u7f16\u7801\u6765\u674f\u4ec1\u6838\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u674f\u4ec1\u6838\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8bb0\u5fc6\u901a\u611f\u3001\u5171\u60c5\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0<sup>[26]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6d77\u9a6c\u4f53\u4e2d\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7ec6\u80de(Place cells)\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u8ba9\u6d77\u9a6c\u4f53\u62e5\u6709\u201c\u8ba4\u77e5\u5730\u56fe\u201d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u56de\u5fc6\u65f6\u60f3\u8d77\u53bb\u8fc7\u7684\u5730\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u53bb\u90a3\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9<sup>[27]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6d77\u9a6c\u4f53\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7ad9\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u611f\u77e5\u6784\u6210\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u6d77\u9a6c\u4f53\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u4e8b\u4ef6\u50a8\u5b58\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6700\u540e\u518d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4fe1\u606f\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u5927\u8111\u65b0\u76ae\u5c42\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u6c38\u4e45\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7761\u7720\u65f6\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u9700\u8981\u7761\u7720\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00<sup>[28]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u5fc6\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8fd8\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u518d\u5de9\u56fa<sup>[29]<\/sup>\u3002\u8bb0\u5fc6\u518d\u5de9\u56fa\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u6b21\u6fc0\u6d3b\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u611f\u5b98\u76ae\u5c42\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u8eab\u4e34\u5176\u5883\u7684\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fdd\u6301\u3001\u52a0\u5f3a\uff0c\u518d\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bb0\u5fc6\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u65e0\u4e2d\u751f\u6709\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5851\u9020\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u5f88\u8ff7\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u9760\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"436\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-183.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1871\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:12px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5173\u4e8e\u672a\u6765<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4e91\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u50a8\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u5730\u5b58\u50a8\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u5b83\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u673a\u5236\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b8c\u5168\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4f9d\u65e7\u8fd8\u6bd4\u8f83\u9065\u8fdc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u548c\u7b97\u529b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5b83\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u590d\u523b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76f8\u5bf9\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u64cd\u63a7\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4f1a\u663e\u5f97\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u73b0\u5728\u4fbf\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u521d\u7ea7\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u64cd\u63a7\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u53ef\u5851\u6027\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u611f\u5b98\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8ba9\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5bf9\u672a\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u6df1\u4fe1\u4e0d\u7591\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u81f3\u4e8e\u79fb\u690d\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u96be\u5ea6\u4f1a\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"675\" src=\"http:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/image-184.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1872\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8d85\u7ea7\u7535\u8111\u5185\u7684\u590d\u523b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u79fb\u690d\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7684\u5374\u662f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u518d\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u518d\u521b\u9020\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d\u7684\u5927\u8111\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u73b0\u5728\u514b\u9686\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u6211\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u8111\u53d1\u80b2\u6210\u957f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u628a\u6211\u751f\u5e73\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u4ece\u9010\u6e10\u8f93\u5165\u4ed6\u7684\u5927\u8111\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u6211\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u8bb0\u5fc6\u624d\u7b97\u79fb\u690d\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u8981\u628a\u6211\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5b8c\u5168\u8f93\u5165\u5c4f\u5e55\u524d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f60\u7684\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4f60\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u6709\u548c\u6211\u8bb0\u5fc6\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5927\u8111\u90fd\u662f\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5f3a\u5316\u548c\u5de9\u56fa\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u79fb\u690d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u9700\u8981\u627e\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u9020\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8d85\u7ea7\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7eb3\u7c73\u673a\u5668\u4eba\uff0c\u505a\u5230\u7cbe\u51c6\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u4fee\u526a\u548c\u5de9\u56fa\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8bb0\u5fc6\u79fb\u690d\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u79fb\u690d\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u5206\u7f13\u6162\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul 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style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[1]&nbsp;Atkinson R C , Shiffrin R M . 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