{"id":2154,"date":"2023-08-09T22:26:45","date_gmt":"2023-08-09T14:26:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/?p=2154"},"modified":"2023-08-09T22:26:45","modified_gmt":"2023-08-09T14:26:45","slug":"%e5%85%ad%e5%8d%81%e5%b9%b4%e7%94%9a%e8%87%b3%e6%9b%b4%e9%95%bf%e6%97%b6%e9%97%b4%e7%9a%84%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%bb%ba%e6%a8%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/2023\/08\/09\/%e5%85%ad%e5%8d%81%e5%b9%b4%e7%94%9a%e8%87%b3%e6%9b%b4%e9%95%bf%e6%97%b6%e9%97%b4%e7%9a%84%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%bb%ba%e6%a8%a1\/","title":{"rendered":"\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">Hannu JAAKKOLAa,1 and Bernhard THALHEIMb,2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">aTampere University, P.O.Box 300, FI-28101 Pori, Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">bChristian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Computer Science Institute, 24098 Kiel, Germany<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u6458\u8981\uff1a<\/strong>\u6570\u636e\uff08\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\uff09\u5efa\u6a21\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5de5\u5320\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u6700\u597d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6765\u521b\u9020\u7684\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u667a\u6167\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Information 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Wong\u4e8e1999\u5e74\u5408\u8457\uff09<sup>[3]<\/sup>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u662f\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u589e\u957f\u65f6\u4ee3\uff08\u6280\u672f\u6b63\u671d\u7740\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u6210\u719f\uff09\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7b2c2\u8282\u5bf9\u8be5\u8bba\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u8981\u56de\u987e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6bd4\u8f83\u201c1999\u5e74\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u672a\u6765\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5b9e\u9645\u53d1\u5c55\u5982\u4f55\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4eca\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08DBMS\uff09\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff08\u5927\u81f4\u4ece1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u52301999\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u591a\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u67b6\u6784\uff1a\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5012\u6392\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8be5\u65f6\u671f\u672b\u671f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u8303\u5f0f\u548cSmalltalk\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5546\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u7531Charles Bachman\u4e8e1964\u5e74\u63a8\u51fa\u7684\u96c6\u6210\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08IDS\uff09\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6269\u5c55\u5728\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\u671f\u4e5f\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08RDBMS\uff09\u7684\u8bde\u751f\uff08\u59cb\u4e8e1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c1990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff09\u3002\u57c3\u5fb7\u52a0\u00b7\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u00b7\u79d1\u5fb7\u57281969-1970\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5b83\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f88\u5feb\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u867d\u7136\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5546\u4e1a\u201d\u5b9e\u73b0\uff08Multics\uff09\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u5df2\u7ecf\u95ee\u4e16\uff0c\u4f46\u76f4\u52301990\u5e74\u4ee3\u624d\u771f\u6b63\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5546\u4e1a\u7528\u9014\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff08SEQUEL\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u7f29\u5199\u4e3a\u66f4\u5e38\u89c1\u7684SQL\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff1aSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u6b63\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\uff0c\u4f46\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u4e0e\u63d0\u4f9b\u9644\u52a0\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e13\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08DBMS\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff08\u59cb\u4e8e1990\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\uff09\u3002Foote\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u79f0\u4e3a\u8054\u673a\u5206\u6790\u5904\u7406\uff08OLAP\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5b83\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c06\u6258\u7ba1\u6570\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5546\u4e1a\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6316\u6398\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u3002OLAP\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5141\u8bb8\u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u548c\u975e\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u524d\u6cbf\u6280\u672f\u652f\u6301\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u5904\u7406\u6df7\u5408\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u548c\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u6280\u672f\u4e4b\u4e00\u662fApache Hadoop\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08HDFS\uff09\uff09\u548c\u652f\u6301\u5e76\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5904\u7406\u90e8\u5206\uff08MapReduce\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e13\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u4ece\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u201c\u667a\u80fd\u201d\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NoSQL\uff08\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e2000\u5e74\u672b\uff09\u3002\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u52a0\u5feb\u4e86NoSQL\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002NoSQL\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u518d\u9075\u5faa\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6587\u6863\u548c\u5b9e\u65f6\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u7ba1\u9053\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u9762\u4e34\u65b0\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff1b\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\uff0c\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u9009\u5b9a\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u5448\u73b0\u3002\u5728NoSQL\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u88ab\u5d4c\u5165\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u672c\u6587\u7684\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u5bf9\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u51b5\u548c\u672a\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u89d2\u8272\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u8303\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5851\u9020\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u4ee5\u53ca\u6784\u5efa\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u90fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5883\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b58\u50a8\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5bb9\u91cf\u7b49\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5ef6\u8fdf\u91c7\u7528\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5178\u578b\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u63d0\u51fa\u7ea620\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08RDBMS\uff09\u624d\u5728\u5546\u4e1a\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\uff1fJaakkola\u7b49\u4eba\u57282017\u5e74\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6027\u80fd\uff08\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\uff09\u3001\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u6280\u672f\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\uff09\u662f\u91c7\u7528\u65b0\u8303\u5f0f\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20<sup>[15]<\/sup>\u3002\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u63a8\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u8003\u8651\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u672a\u6765\u3002\u524d\u6587\u5df2\u7ecf\u6d89\u53ca\u4e86\u5176\u8fdb\u5c55\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c2\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf91999\u5e74\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u6765\u53cd\u6620\u5f53\u524d\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u7b2c3\u8282\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u6587\u732e\u6620\u5c04\u201d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u672a\u6765\u6709\u5173\u3002\u7b2c4\u8282\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u672a\u6765\u7684\u201c\u8303\u5f0f\u201d\u3002\u7b2c5\u8282\u5bf9\u8bba\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u603b\u7ed3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\uff1a\u672a\u6765\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u9762\u4e34\u54ea\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.1999\u5e74\u4eba\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u672a\u6765\uff1f<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.1\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u770b\u672a\u6765<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u57281999\u5e74\uff0cChen\u3001Thalheim\u548cWong\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c<sup>[3]<\/sup>\u603b\u7ed3\u548c\u6458\u8981\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u4ee5\u540e\u7eed\u8bba\u6587\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d1\u8868\u76841997\u5e74\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u8be5\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u6982\u5ff5\u5efa\u6a21\u793e\u533a\u7684\u591a\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662fER\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u89c6\u7684\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u540e\u7eed\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u53c8\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u4f5c\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7f16\u8bd1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Embley\u548cThalheim\u57282011\u5e74<sup>[6]<\/sup>\u4ee5\u53caThalheim\u57282000\u5e74<sup>[25]<\/sup>\u7684\u7f16\u8bd1\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u75281999\u5e74\u7684\u6458\u8981\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u73b0\u4eca\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6c34\u5e73\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u5e9e\u5927\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u3002\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u4e14\u5e76\u884c\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u6570\u636e\u590d\u5236\u4f7f\u5f97\u63a7\u5236\u5197\u4f59\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.3\u4e0e1999\u5e74\u76f8\u6bd4\u7684\u6280\u672f\u73b0\u72b6\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u4e09\u7ec4\uff1a\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d6\u5f97\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4efb\u52a1\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) \u6210\u529f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u57fa\u7840\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b66\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86ISO 33001\u76842\u7ea7\u62163\u7ea7\u6210\u719f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f53\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728Embley\u548cThalheim\u4e8e2011\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u6982\u5ff5\u5efa\u6a21\u624b\u518c\u300b<sup>[6]<\/sup>\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5c06\u8fd1\u5341\u51e0\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6700\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u662fUML\u7c7b\u56fe\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u5173\u7cfb\u5efa\u6a21\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u51e0\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u6a21\u578b\u7528\u9014\u8d85\u8d8a\u63cf\u8ff0\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff1a\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u5df2\u7ecf\u9000\u5316\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u5efa\u6a21\u3002\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u7075\u611f\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u9700\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u91ca\u6216\u6a21\u578b\u672c\u8eab\u7f3a\u5931\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u6863\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u6863\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u66f4\u6539\u8fdb\u884c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56de\u987e\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u6982\u5ff5\u5efa\u6a21\uff08\u4f8b\u5982ER\u6a21\u578b\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u662f\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u65f6\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u57fa\u4e8e\u7011\u5e03\u5f0f\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u3001\u5f3a\u8c03\u5ba2\u6237-\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u968f\u7740\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7279\u6027\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u9010\u6e10\u9002\u5e94\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u671d\u7740ICT\u884c\u4e1a\u771f\u6b63\u9700\u6c42\u8fc8\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u6b65\u9aa4\u662f\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5f15\u5165\u7edf\u4e00\u5efa\u6a21\u8bed\u8a00\uff08UML\uff09<sup>[6]<\/sup>\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u53d6\u4ee3\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7011\u5e03\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u8fed\u4ee3\u5f0f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.3\u5f53\u524d\u8d8b\u52bf\u2014\u2014\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u9700\u6c42\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6587\u732e\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u641c\u7d22\u6765\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662fPettersen\u57282008\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6587\u732e\u6620\u5c04\u7814\u7a76\u6cd5<sup>[23]<\/sup>\u3002\u4ece\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u5341\u51e0\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u731c\u60f3\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d89\u53ca\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u7531\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u516c\u53f8\u5982Gartner\u3001Forbes\u3001McKinsey\u7b49\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u53c8\u88ab\u8bb8\u591a\u6587\u7ae0\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5f15\u7528\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u603b\u7ed3\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u6790\u662f\u4ee5\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u6f14\u7ece\u3001\u63a8\u65ad\u548c\u4e3b\u89c2\u610f\u89c1\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u548c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u3002Knight\u7ee7\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4e0eGhosh\u5728\u4e00\u5e74\u524d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u5c06\u57fa\u4e8e\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3002\u9075\u5faa\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u6d41\u7a0b\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5c06\u88abRPA\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u66ff\u4ee3\u548c\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u673a\u5668\u4e0a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u5c06\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u4e0a\u9762\u5df2\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u63d2\u62d4\u5f0f\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u66f4\u9ad8\u667a\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u6b63\u5728\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e13\u6ce8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u4e13\u6ce8\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6df7\u5408\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u90a3\u4e48\u5168\u9762\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5c06\u6db5\u76d6\u66f4\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u6839\u636eIDC\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u52302025\u5e74\uff0c\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5c06\u5360\u4f01\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u768480%\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u5c06\u8f6c\u5411\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u5373\u77e5\u8bc6\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u88ab\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u6839\u636e\u7279\u5b9a\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u5236\u3002\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u5fc5\u987b\u6309\u7167\u6db5\u76d6\u4e1a\u52a1\u5c42\u6b21\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u5c42\u6b21\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u591a\u7ea7\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fd8\u9700\u63d0\u4f9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8bba\u6587\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u91cd\u590d\u3002\u8fd9\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5728\u6587\u732e\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6e17\u900f\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6587\u732e\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u505c\u6b62\u89c4\u5219\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6bb5\u843d\u4e2d\u7b80\u8981\u8ff0\u8bc4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bba\u6587\u548c\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5e76\u7a81\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Frisendal\uff082020\u5e74\uff09<sup>[10]<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u8bed\u4e49\u56fe\u5f62\u5efa\u6a21\u6280\u672f\u548c\u56fe\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f5c\u4e3aNoSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u8bed\u4e49\u56fe\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u3002ISO\/IEC JTC1 SC32 WG3\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bed\u8a00\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5df2\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728SQL\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5bf9\u5c5e\u6027\u56fe\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u56fe\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u53ca\u5176\u5173\u7cfb\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u8bed\u4e49\u7f51\u7edc\u201d\u652f\u6301\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002Frisendal\u8fd8\u63d0\u5230\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u8bed\u4e49\u7f51\u201d\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5982RDF\u3001OWL\u7b49\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u652f\u6301\u77e5\u8bc6\u56fe\u8c31\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5e76\u5df2\u88ab\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u91c7\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cagle\uff082018\u5e74\uff09<sup>[2]<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5173\u6ce8\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u4f01\u4e1a\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u5927\u91cf\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86RDF\uff08\u8d44\u6e90\u63cf\u8ff0\u6846\u67b6\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Roussopoulos\u548cKaragiannis\uff082009\u5e74\uff09<sup>[24]<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u5bf9\u6982\u5ff5\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u672a\u6765\u3002\u6982\u5ff5\u5efa\u6a21\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u73af\u5883\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002\u7528\u6237\u5fc5\u987b\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8c03\u6574\u6982\u5ff5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4ed6\u5728Web\u548c\u9762\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\uff08SOA\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u77ac\u65f6\u6a21\u578b\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6982\u5ff5\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5904\u4e8e\u8fde\u7eed\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u8bed\u8a00\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ec8\u7aef\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5efa\u6a21\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u516c\u6c11\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u516c\u6c11\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u6b63\u5728\u4ece\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u7ec8\u7aef\u7528\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Harper\uff082019\u5e74\uff09<sup>[14]<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4ece\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5411\u5f02\u6784\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u662f\u4e3a\u5b9e\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u800c\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5305\u542b\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u5b9e\u8df5\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u901f\u5efa\u6a21\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5b83\u57fa\u4e8e\u652f\u6301\u65e0\u4ee3\u7801\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u534f\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u6765\u81ea\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u5efa\u6a21\u5b9e\u8df5\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wells\uff082016\u5e74\uff09<sup>[28]<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ba1\u9053\u5bfc\u81f4\u9006\u5411\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4ece\u4e0a\u5230\u4e0b\u6784\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u6982\u5ff5\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u662f\u7269\u7406\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u83b7\u5f97\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ba1\u9053\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u66f4\u6539\u5176\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u9006\u5411\u5efa\u6a21\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ece\u5b57\u6bb5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8bd5\u56fe\u63a8\u65ad\u5b83\u4eec\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u63a8\u65ad\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u63a8\u5bfc\u903b\u8f91\u6a21\u578b\u3002ER\u6a21\u578b\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u8bb8\u591a\u5178\u578b\u7684NoSQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u591a\u503c\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5d4c\u5957\u6570\u7ec4\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ca1\u6709\u5916\u952e\u5173\u7cfb\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5173\u8054\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Guess\uff082020\u5e74\uff09<sup>[11]<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u4f4e\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u7565\u5fae\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5370\u8bc1\u4e86\u5de5\u4f5c\u4ece\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u7ec8\u7aef\u7528\u6237\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e0a\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u201d\u548c\u201c\u65e0\u4ee3\u7801\u201d\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4f4e\u4ee3\u7801\u5f00\u53d1\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u4f9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\u56fe\u5f62\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u6765\u5f00\u53d1\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u8be5\u5e73\u53f0\u901a\u5e38\u652f\u6301\u9762\u5411\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u989d\u5916\u7684\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u9002\u5408\u4f4e\u4ee3\u7801\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u4e1a\u52a1\u6d41\u7a0b\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3001\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u548cWeb\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">David\uff082017\u5e74\uff09<sup>[4]<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u672c\u6587\u5f00\u5934\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u9762\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6db5\u76d6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kiyoki\u7b49\u4eba<sup>[20]<\/sup>\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u8bed\u4e49\u5efa\u6a21\u3002\u5b83\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u6570\u5b66\u8bed\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u201d\u5728\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u4ea4\u591a\u7ef4\u8bed\u4e49\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u4e8e\u8bed\u4e49\u5173\u8054\u641c\u7d22\u3002\u68c0\u7d22\u5019\u9009\u9879\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u88ab\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u8bed\u4e49\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u68c0\u7d22\u8bed\u4e49\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u6765\u6267\u884c\u8bed\u4e49\u5173\u8054\u641c\u7d22\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7528\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u5206\u6790\u7684\u591a\u5149\u8c31\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\u4e2d\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8bed\u4e49\u8f74<sup>[20]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6d89\u53ca\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u4ee5\u53ca\u8303\u56f4\u7a0d\u5bbd\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5efa\u6a21\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u672a\u6765\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u578b\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u65b0\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u7ec8\u7aef\u7528\u6237\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u6570\u636e\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c06\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u6b63\u5728\u5411\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5185\u5728\u8bed\u4e49\u548c\u7279\u5f81\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.4\u603b\u7ed3\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\u2014\u2014\u8ba8\u8bba<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6280\u672f\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f15\u5165\u5230\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5206\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be5\u5206\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7531\u5f17\u91cc\u66fc\u548c\u4f69\u96f7\u65af\u4e8e1988\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa<sup>[9]<\/sup>\uff0c\u5e76\u7531Jaakkola\u7b49\u4eba\u4e8e2017\u5e74\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba<sup>[16<\/sup><sup>,<\/sup><sup>17]<\/sup>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u88ab\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u6e10\u8fdb\u6027\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u4ea7\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\u73b0\u6709\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e2d\u7684\u73b0\u6709\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u6839\u672c\u6027\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u5f53\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u6027\u80fd\u6216\u6027\u80fd\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u6216\u5468\u671f\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u521b\u65b0\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u4e0a\u5347\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u6280\u672f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u591a\u4e2a\u6e10\u8fdb\u6027\u548c\u6839\u672c\u6027\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u4e3a\u65e9\u671f\u91c7\u7528\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u8303\u5f0f\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u666e\u904d\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5b83\u6307\u793a\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u65e5\u5e38\u8fd0\u8425\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53d6\u4ee3\u65e7\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u867d\u7136\u5f17\u91cc\u66fc\u548c\u4f69\u96f7\u65af\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u6280\u672f\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u5219\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5355\u4e00\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\uff08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6280\u672f\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u7c7b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5206\u7c7b &#8211; 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6570\u636e\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u3002\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a\u6c9f\u901a\u548c\u534f\u5546\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\uff0c\u6587\u6863\u7f16\u5236\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u548c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u548c\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\uff1a\u6a21\u578b\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b9e\u73b0\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u63cf\u8ff0\u3001\u534f\u5546\u7b49\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u548c\u84dd\u56fe\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u5373\u57fa\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ee3\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jaakkola\u548cThalheim\u57282020\u5e74<sup>[18]<\/sup>\u8fd8\u5c55\u671b\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\uff1a\u6a21\u578b\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u6216\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u5957\u4ef6\u4e2d\u63a8\u5bfc\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u652f\u6301\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff08\u6216\u5176\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ee3\u79f0\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u5373\u6570\u636e\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u5373\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b57\u5178\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5373\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f16\u7a0b\u51e0\u4e4e\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u6a21\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u4ee3\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f16\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u89e3\u653e\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u4ee3\u6216\u7b2c\u56db\u4ee3\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7f16\u5199\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u4e3b\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u80fd\u591f\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5916\u884c\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u3002\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u53d8\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u5957\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.2\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u5fc5\u987b\u968f\u7740\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u800c\u6539\u53d8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u73b0\u4ee3\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7684\u5e9e\u5927\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u53d7\u5230\u6570\u636e\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5177\u53ef\u884c\u6027\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5e94\u5bf9\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5f02\u6784\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5f62\u7684\u589e\u503c\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5c1a\u672a\u627e\u5230\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u90e8\u5206\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u6280\u672f\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u8ba2\u3002\u5df2\u7ecf\u975e\u5e38\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u5230\u6050\u60e7\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u907f\u514d\u8d85\u51fan\u2219log(n)\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u590d\u6742\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5e94\u8be5\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\uff08\u5373n\uff09\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u6280\u672f\u652f\u6301\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u80fd\u591f\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\u7684\u9002\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5efa\u6a21\u7814\u7a76\u5c1a\u672a\u5e26\u6765\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u57fa\u4e8e\u8054\u673a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406-Web\u524d\u7aef\uff08OLTP,&nbsp;On-Line Transaction Processing\uff0cOLTP-web_frontend\uff09\u3001\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u8054\u673a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406-\u8054\u673a\u5206\u6790\u5904\u7406\uff08On-Line Analysis Processing\uff0cOLTP-OLAP\uff09\u3001\u8054\u673a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406-\u6570\u636e\u4ed3\u5e93-\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5e02\uff08OLTP-data_warehouse-data_mart\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u5fae\u89c2\u6570\u636e-\u5b8f\u89c2\u6570\u636e-\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\u5206\u5c42\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67b6\u6784\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u578b\u5957\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u7ec4\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u3002Kiyoki&amp;Thalheim\u57282013\u5e74<sup>[19]<\/sup>\u5e74\u5bf9\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u5c42\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u4fee\u8ba2\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u53d8\u4e3a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u534f\u4f5c\u6837\u5f0f\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53d1\u5e03-\u8ba2\u9605\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216\u4e3b\u4ece\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8be5\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bfc\u5165\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bfc\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u540e\u4e24\u8005\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e16\u754c\u5c06\u5e26\u6765\u8bb8\u591a\u5feb\u901f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u90fd\u5c06\u5f15\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u4fee\u8ba2\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u65e0\u4fe1\u606f\u635f\u5931\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6a21\u578b\u8f6c\u6362\uff08Flexible model transformation without information loss\uff09\uff1a\u6a21\u578b\u4ee3\u8868\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u89c6\u89d2\u5e76\u5b58\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\u6570\u636e\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u4fe1\u606f\u3002&#8221;\u4fe1\u606f\u6001\u5c04&#8221;\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d77\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff08Large data models\uff09\uff1a\u5df2\u7ecf\u9057\u7559\uff08\u6216\u79f0\u4e3a\u4f20\u627f\uff09\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u7531\u51e0\u4ee3\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53d8\u5f97&#8221;\u5446\u677f\u548c\u50f5\u786c&#8221;\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5e9e\u5927\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u6b63\u6210\u4e3a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u969c\u788d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u5f31\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\uff08Weakly structured data\uff09\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5f31\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540e\u671f\u901a\u8fc7\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u8fdb\u884c\u589e\u5f3a\u3002\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u5fc5\u987b\u8db3\u591f\u7a33\u5065\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u6f14\u53d8\u6216\u5b8c\u5168\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u53cd\u6620\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff08Data models reflecting provenance and quality\uff09\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5f88\u5c11\u662f100%\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u57281999\u5e74\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u90e8\u5206\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4fee\u6b63\u3001\u6e05\u6d17\u4ee5\u53ca\u9700\u8981\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6570\u636e\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u6539\u53d8\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f53\u8d28\u91cf\u4e0b\u964d\u6709\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b66\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5904\u7406\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u5185\u90e8\u8d28\u91cf\u7ea0\u6b63\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u7a33\u5065\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u5f3a\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff08Toughening the data model\uff09\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u7ecf\u5178\u7684&#8221;\u6709\u5f02\u5473\u7684\u4ee3\u7801&#8221;\u4fee\u590d\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u88ab\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5171\u540c\u8fdb\u5316\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u6709\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff08Adaptable and self-adapting data models\uff09\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6f14\u53d8\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5de5\u5320\u6240\u638c\u63e1\u3002\u5c06\u6f14\u8fdb\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u7b56\u7565\u6574\u5408\u5230\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u8981\u597d\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u9057\u4ea7\u63d0\u53d6\u6a21\u578b\uff08Heritage extraction models\uff09\uff1a\u8bb8\u591a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f80\u5f80\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6587\u6863\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5e76\u53d7\u5230\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ee5\u80fd\u591f\u6355\u83b7\u5f53\u524d\u6570\u636e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6062\u590d\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u9677\u5165Excel\u5b8f\u9677\u9631\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u5373\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff08Just-in-time data models\uff09\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e13\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u534f\u8c03\u3002\u5178\u578b\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u5927\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u7fa4\u96c6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5fb7\u56fd\u5353\u8d8a\u8ba1\u5212\u5185\uff09\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u63a7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u53cd\u6620\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u652f\u6301\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u5206\u79bb\uff08Data models reflecting storage are separated from data models supporting computation\uff09\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u8bbe\u65bd\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u4e0e\u672c\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5b8c\u5168\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u672c\u5730\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u7ed1\u5b9a\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5bfc\u51fa\/\u5bfc\u5165\u89c6\u56fe\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u4e13\u7528\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4e13\u7528\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff08Special data models for special tasks\uff09\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u6316\u6398\u548c\u5206\u6790\u8fd8\u9488\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u63a2\u6d4b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e38\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u6620\u8fd9\u79cd\u6316\u6398\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u6d41\u6c34\u7ebf\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u8be5\u8bed\u8a00\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u5d4c\u5165\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u793e\u4ea4\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u5916\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\uff08Layman data models\uff09\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u7ecf\u5e38\u7531\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u7528\u6237\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u672c\u5730\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4e86\u89e3\u5b8c\u6574\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 \u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u7279\u6027\u7684\u534f\u8c03\uff08Harmonization of data modelling languages with computation features\uff09\uff1a\u5927\u6570\u636e\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u5f00\u53d1\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6280\u672f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u8ba1\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u7279\u5b9a\u5e94\u7528\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u826f\u597d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c06\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5171\u540c\u5f00\u53d1\u7b97\u6cd5\u65f6\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u652f\u6301\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6e05\u5355\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8d8b\u52bf\u6765\u52a0\u5f3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u7ec4\u5408\u9075\u5faa\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u673a\u68b0\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u901a\u7528\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u652f\u6301\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5728\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\u6a21\u5177\u6216\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5.\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u201c\u672a\u6765\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u6311\u6218\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u5256\u6790\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9075\u5faa\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4ece\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u8def\u5f84\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4ece\u5546\u4e1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u65e9\u671f\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf91999\u5e74\u2014\u201420\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u2014\u2014\u7684\u672a\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u827a\u672f\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u9884\u671f\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e86\u89e3\u672a\u6765\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u5230\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u4f53\u3002\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u672a\u6765\u5206\u6790\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u6587\u732e\u201d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6536\u96c6\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u672a\u6765\u613f\u666f\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b9a\u4e49\u660e\u786e\u7684\u672a\u6765\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c47\u96c6\u51fa\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20 &#8211; \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6027\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u5efa\u6a21\uff09\u6570\u636e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u8005\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6280\u672f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20 &#8211; \u8fd9\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6700\u540e\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u672a\u6765\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[1] Boehm, B. 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Budimac (Ed.), SQAMIA 2017 &#8211; Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop on Software Quality Analysis,Monitoring, Improvement, and Applications. Belgrade, Serbia, September 11-13, 2017. (Vol. Vol-1938,pp. 5:1-10). Belgrade, Serbia:CEUR Workshop Proceedings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[16] Jaakkola, H., Henno, J., M\u00e4kel\u00e4, J., &amp; Thalheim, B. (2017a). Today is the Future of Yesterday, What is the Future of Today? In P. Biljanovi\u0107 (Ed.), MIPRO 2017 -Proceedings of the 40th Jubilee International Convention. May 22-26, 2017, Opatija, Croatia. (pp. 741-749). Opatija, Croatia: Mipro and IEEE.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[17] Jaakkola, H., Henno, J., Thalheim, B., &amp; M\u00e4kel\u00e4, J. (2017b). The educators\u2019 telescope to the future of technology. In P. Biljanovi\u0107 (Ed.), MIPRO 2017 &#8211; Proceedings of the 40th Jubilee International Convention. May 22-26, 2017, Opatija, Croatia. (pp. 766-771). 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Koteska (Eds.), 8th Workshop on Software Quality Analysis, Monitoring, Improvement and Applications, SQAMIA 2019 Proceedings (Vol. Vol2508, pp. 18:11-18:18): CEUR Workshop Proceedings.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hannu JAAKKOLAa,1 an &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2154","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-15"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2154","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2154"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2154\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2155,"href":"https:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2154\/revisions\/2155"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2154"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2154"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dama.org.cn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2154"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}